A number of recently published results have suggested the possibility of using stem cells to regenerate lung tissue. Several groups have developed various animal models employing haematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal and endothelial progenitors, and embryonic cells, in which it has been possible to ameliorate the diseased lung. Despite these stimulating in vivo results a number of questions are pending before stem cell derivatives can be used in human lung disorders. This brief review will examine encouraging data that suggest the possibility of using stem cells in the therapy of lung diseases. In parallel, controversial findings are reviewed indicating that caution should be recommended before proposing to utilize stem cells in human lung diseases.
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